Analysis of results, tests, causes, treatments, and a gallery of pictures. Includes links.

Book by Lynda Rushing, M.D. and Nancy Joste, M.D. about pap smears test results and the human papillomavirus (HPV) and its connection to cervical dysplasia and cancer. Site includes excerpt from the book, ordering information, and profiles of the authors.

Describes possible causes of abnormal test results, how a pap smear looks, and ways to prevent the risk of cancer.

Describes the procedure used for further evaluation of abnormal pap smear results.

Dr. Donnica Moore discusses what a Pap smear is; who should have one and how often, what the new cervical screening technologies are, and whether you should request them.

Consumer health resource center providing information on the risks and benefits of these procedures.

Consumer health resource center providing information on pap smears.

Shows how to do a cervical or vaginal self-exam and identify problems. Also lists benefits of self-exams.

Describes the procedure, evaluation process, treatment, and possible errors with the test.

Information from the National Cancer Institute about what to expect. Also includes advice from other women.

Lists how to prepare for the exam, steps through the procedure, and answers common questions.

Doctor written consumer health information, includes what is a pap smear, who should have one, how it is done, treatments for abnormal pap smears and new technologies.

Information from a United Kingdom general practitioner about procedure, results, and follow-up techniques.

Learn about the papanicolaou test, a test conducted for cervical cancer. Includes how it is performed and how to prepare for it.

Site offering young women information about their first visit to a gynecologist. Talks about pap tests as well as pelvic exams. [English, Bulgarian, Polish, Slovenian]

Information from the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) about the types of changes an abnormal test can show.

Information from the San Francisco Department of Public Health about the procedure and results and their relation to genital warts.

Slides from a clinical skills class describing the pelvic exam procedure.

Information from the College of American Pathologists about the value of the exam, when to have it, and how to determine if a laboratory is accredited.

Information from University Health Services at Pennsylvania State University about what to expect with a pelvic exam.